Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry 2345-4113 13 1 2025 10 31 The Investigation of Plasma Micro RNAs as Noninvasive Biomarkers for the Prediction of In-Stent Restenosis 42 50 10.34172/ajmb.2619 EN Azadeh Mozayanimonfared https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-4518 Behshad Naghshtabrizi Hanieh Naddaf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1080-047X Farzad Emami Amirhossein Yazdi Kianoosh Hosseini Saeid Afshar Sara Zebarjadi Leila Norozei Nima Naghshtabrizi Maryam Esfahani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-7126 Journal Article 10.34172/ajmb.2619 2025 05 30 2025 08 04 Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a detrimental complication that takes place following coronary stenting. There is strong evidence that micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are involved in inflammation and neointimal formation. Objectives: The current study aimed to explore the role of some circulating miRNAs in restenosis patients. Methods: A total of 62 patients were enrolled in this study. According to angiography, the patients were grouped into restenosis and non-restenosis groups. The plasma levels of miR-21, miR-126, miR-143/miR-145, and miR-222 were analyzed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The plasma expression level of miR-21 (P=0.003) was significantly higher compared to the control group. In addition, the plasma levels of miR-126 (P=0.004), miR-143 (P=0.003), and miR-145 (P=0.008) were considerably lower in the ISR group compared with the control group. In the ISR group, the plasma level of miR-222 was increased, but this increase was not significant (P=0.08). Conclusion: The results revealed differential changes in the plasma level of miRNAs. Some miRNAs may have critical functions in restenosis pathogenesis, and others may have protective effects. Overall, evidence suggests a predictive role for miRs following interventional therapy.